The River Murray, Australia

The River Murray, Australia 1. Introduction The river Murray is one of the largest river in Australia and also known as The Mighty River and Murray Darling the name of the basin is derived from its two major rivers, the Murray River and the Darling River. River Murray had been in Australia for thousands of years and it is the biggest river in Australia, there are many activities that happened along the river side for many years and the impact of human to the river is very big. It is a major source of domestic water for 1.25 million people. Hydro-electricity generated from the River and supplies electricity for Victoria and New South Wales; but the water of the river is getting more polluted meanwhile the Murray valley is becoming well known for its tourism. 2. Geographical location The Murray Darling river pass through Australia and because of its length as the total 2.341 miles and Murray river pass through Corryong, Albury-Wodonga, Echuca, Moama and Swan Hill. It content: 85 species of mammals, with 20 extinct and 16 endangered, 53 species of frogs, with none endangered, 46 species of snakes, with 5 endangered, 5 species of tortoises, with none endangered, and 34 species of fish, with none endangered. Total water flow in the Murray-Darling in the period in 1885 is average 24,000 gigalitres per year. Estimated total annual flows for the river range from 5,000 gigalitres and in 1902 to 57,000 gigalitres in 1956 and average rainfall = 480 mm/year = 508,000 GL/year 3. History It is thought that the Murray Darling River was formed about 60 million years ago. The Murray Darling region is full of fascinating history 40 thousand years ago, through to the more recent times of early European settlement. The history of the Murray River in the late 18th and 19th centuries, the Murray River became an important transportation route to carry goods to and from Melbourne. Between 2.5 and 0.5 million years ago the Murray River end and form freshwater lake that called Lake Bungunia. Discovered by European explorers Hamilton H. Hume and William H. Hovell in 1824. The river also the start of many species of animal in Australia for example: emus, koala bears, Western Grey kangaroos, Bearded Dragon lizards, red-rumped parrots, black swans, pelicans, and dolphins. For many years in history the Murray Darling river help people co carry wood, wheat, and facilities up and down the river the first trips being made by two boats from South Australia. In 1919 a dam that name Hume D am had been build and the dam had change the entire river. Hume Dam is located in the downstream of the Murray River and Mitta Mitta River 16 kilometers east of Albury-Wodonga the dam is 2,225 km from the Murray mouth at Goolwa. 4. Impact of human use The industrial and domestic needs for water have meant that regulation and control of the rivers natural flow that effect the plant and animal that depend on the river. The use of locks and dams interrupted the river flow and restrict water in some area that needed, while other areas receive more water than they normally would in a heavy rainfall or flooded. This has affected the breeding cycles of animals and plants depend on the river. The river system is now in a serious problem with salinity. This problem is blame for agriculture because of the fertilizer, chemical and pesticide runoff that put into the water then increase the amount of salt flow into the water, it is also blame for lower productivity such as the poor water quality and flooding. It is estimated that salinity costs the users of the Murray River $47 million each year to filter the water for usage. Dame use in river had changed the entire river and life along the river side. Hume Dame had limited the amount of water flow and extremely lowers the water level. The lower water level makes agricultural decrease its productivity and salinity is increase because that water level is too low so it cant dilute the water. Because of the salinity so animal and plant had a very big impact and at the Murray mouth at Goolwa, it had been found that the water is just like sea water because of its pollution. And because of these effects, its affect the water use of people and affect the peoples who use water from the river as water resource.

Prewriting Exercise Essay

STEP 2) Describe two controversies surrounding this topic The first controversy is with regard to the idea of a universal health care system for the United States as a solution to its current health care situation of having an increasing rate of uninsurance among its working populace. While there is considerable current literature that argue that government should be able to provide adequate health care for all of its citizens, the questions of prioritization and proper allocation of funding comes into play. Specific research would have to be found to quantify as well as qualify the problem of uninsurance so as to evaluate just how much government action ought to be necessary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second controversy is whether or not current government action in terms of federal funding for Medicare and Medicaid is sufficient to address the needs of Americans. This issue examines what both of the programs currently provide and how much each has actually helped the American public in facing health service issues. Again, factual research need to be complied in order to present a clear picture of how much these programs are helping so that a sound conclusion regarding whether they are helping enough can be reached. STEP 3) Describe which side of the argument you feel is right and why I believe that given the current health care needs of the American public, serious consideration of establishing a universal health are system should be deeply considered. I also believe that current measures are not enough. Of course, these are assertions that I’ve initially made based on personal experiences in my interactions with individuals seeking health care support from the government. Therefore, I would need to gather more solid, factual information to support my claims. I will need to explore the concept of a universal health care system better in terms of its application to other countries so that I can have a deeper perspective on what needs to be done. STEP 4) Formulate a working thesis sentence The development of a universal health care system is a positive step towards the solution of the American uninsurance problem.

Thomas Alva Edison - a Man of Practical Genius - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 424 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/12 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Thomas Edison came from humble beginnings. As he stepped off the boat that brought him from Boston and took his first step in New York, he had only one small bag and a single dollar in his possession. The only shelter that he could find was in a battery room of a company on Wall Street and this is where he spent his very first night in New York. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Thomas Alva Edison a Man of Practical Genius" essay for you Create order It has been said that opinions are not always facts! This is certainly true in the case of Thomas Edison. He was born in 1847 in a little town near to Milan, Ohio on the shore of Lake Erie. Close friends and relatives called him Al. Although Thomas was quite an intelligent young boy, one of his teachers ventured their opinion and suggested to his mother that Al had an addled brain. His furious mother removed him from the school immediately and taught Thomas herself. Thomas Edison would in time prove that opinions are seldom facts! Thomas Edison endured further misfortune in his lifetime. After having overcome a bout of scarlet fever and recurring ear infections in childhood and an apparent blow to the side of his head, he remained hard of hearing for the rest of his life because of a burst eardrum. He realized that time was precious. He wanted to succeed. Thomas Edison is quoted as saying: I am not discouraged, because every wrong attempt discarded is another step forward. And forward is the direction that Thomas also strove towards. Thomas Edison is generally well know for inventing the practical light bulb. His practical genius extended however to include many other inventions, perhaps less well known, but still significant. One day in 1877 Edison was working on a machine designed to record telegraphic signals on a wax cylinder. While making minor adjustments to the machine and talking to the mechanic, a needle on the machine pricked Edisons finger when he made a specific sound. Edison immediately made a rough sketch of a design that he wanted his mechanics to begin constructing. It was a machine designed to record and reproduce sounds. Upon completion, Edison picked up the ear-trumpet and spoke the first ever recorded words: Mary had a little lamb; its fleece was white as snow the phonograph was born. Thomas Edison is quoted as saying, I have not failed. Ive just found 10,000 ways that wont work. So every time we turn on a light bulb and every time we listen to music, Thomas Edisons personal successes ensure that his legacy lives on.

Creating Delphi Components Dynamically (at run-time)

Most often when programming in Delphi you dont need to dynamically create a component. If you drop a component on a form, Delphi handles the component creation automatically when the form is created. This article will cover the correct way to programmatically create components at run-time. Dynamic Component Creation There are two ways to dynamically create components. One way is to make a form (or some other TComponent) the owner of the new component. This is a common practice when building composite components where a visual container creates and owns the subcomponents. Doing so will ensure that the newly-created component is destroyed when the owning component is destroyed. To create an instance (object) of a class, you call its Create method. The Create constructor is a class method, as opposed to virtually all other methods you’ll encounter in Delphi programming, which are object methods. For example, the TComponent declares the Create constructor as follows: constructor Create(AOwner: TComponent) ; virtual; Dynamic Creation with OwnersHeres an example of dynamic creation, where Self is a TComponent or TComponent descendant (e.g., an instance of a TForm): with TTimer.Create(Self) dobeginInterval : 1000;Enabled : False;OnTimer : MyTimerEventHandler;end; Dynamic Creation with an Explicit Call to FreeThe second way to create a component is to use nil as the owner. Note that if you do this, you must also explicitly free the object you create as soon as you no longer need it (or youll produce a memory leak). Heres an example of using nil as the owner: with TTable.Create(nil) dotryDataBaseName : MyAlias;TableName : MyTable;Open;Edit;FieldByName(Busy).AsBoolean : True;Post;finallyFree;end; Dynamic Creation and Object ReferencesIt is possible to enhance the two previous examples by assigning the result of the Create call to a variable local to the method or belonging to the class. This is often desirable when references to the component need to be used later, or when scoping problems potentially caused by With blocks need to be avoided. Heres the TTimer creation code from above, using a field variable as a reference to the instantiated TTimer object: FTimer : TTimer.Create(Self) ;with FTimer dobeginInterval : 1000;Enabled : False;OnTimer : MyInternalTimerEventHandler;end; In this example FTimer is a private field variable of the form or visual container (or whatever Self is). When accessing the FTimer variable from methods in this class, it is a very good idea to check to see if the reference is valid before using it. This is done using Delphis Assigned function: if Assigned(FTimer) then FTimer.Enabled : True; Dynamic Creation and Object References without OwnersA variation on this is to create the component with no owner, but maintain the reference for later destruction. The construction code for the TTimer would look like this: FTimer : TTimer.Create(nil) ;with FTimer dobegin...end; And the destruction code (presumably in the forms destructor) would look something like this: FTimer.Free;FTimer : nil;(*Or use FreeAndNil (FTimer) procedure, which frees an object reference and replaces the reference with nil.*) Setting the object reference to nil is critical when freeing objects. The call to Free first checks to see if the object reference is nil or not, and if it isnt, it calls the objects destructor Destroy. Dynamic Creation and Local Object References without Owners Heres the TTable creation code from above, using a local variable as a reference to the instantiated TTable object: localTable : TTable.Create(nil) ;trywith localTable dobeginDataBaseName : MyAlias;TableName : MyTable;end;...// Later, if we want to explicitly specify scope:localTable.Open;localTable.Edit;localTable.FieldByName(Busy).AsBoolean : True;localTable.Post;finallylocalTable.Free;localTable : nil;end; In the example above, localTable is a local variable declared in the same method containing this code. Note that after freeing any object, in general it is a very good idea to set the reference to nil. A Word of Warning IMPORTANT: Do not mix a call to Free with passing a valid owner to the constructor. All of the previous techniques will work and are valid, but the following should never occur in your code: with TTable.Create(self) dotry...finallyFree;end; The code example above introduces unnecessary performance hits, impacts memory slightly, and has the potential to introduce hard to find bugs. Find out why. Note: If a dynamically created component has an owner (specified by the AOwner parameter of the Create constructor), then that owner is responsible for destroying the component. Otherwise, you must explicitly call Free when you no longer need the component. Article originally written by Mark Miller A test program was created in Delphi to time the dynamic creation of 1000 components with varying initial component counts. The test program appears at the bottom of this page. The chart shows a set of results from the test program, comparing the time it takes to create components both with owners and without. Note that this is only a portion of the hit. A similar performance delay can be expected when destroying components. The time to dynamically create components with owners is 1200% to 107960% slower than that to create components without owners, depending on the number of components on the form and the component being created. The Test Program Warning: This test program does not track and free components that are created without owners. By not tracking and freeing these components, times measured for the dynamic creation code more accurately reflect the real time to dynamically create a component. Download Source Code Warning! If you want to dynamically instantiate a Delphi component and explicitly free it sometime later, always pass nil as the owner. Failure to do so can introduce unnecessary risk, as well as performance and code maintenance problems. Read the A warning on dynamically instantiating Delphi components article to learn more...