The River Murray, Australia

The River Murray, Australia 1. Introduction The river Murray is one of the largest river in Australia and also known as The Mighty River and Murray Darling the name of the basin is derived from its two major rivers, the Murray River and the Darling River. River Murray had been in Australia for thousands of years and it is the biggest river in Australia, there are many activities that happened along the river side for many years and the impact of human to the river is very big. It is a major source of domestic water for 1.25 million people. Hydro-electricity generated from the River and supplies electricity for Victoria and New South Wales; but the water of the river is getting more polluted meanwhile the Murray valley is becoming well known for its tourism. 2. Geographical location The Murray Darling river pass through Australia and because of its length as the total 2.341 miles and Murray river pass through Corryong, Albury-Wodonga, Echuca, Moama and Swan Hill. It content: 85 species of mammals, with 20 extinct and 16 endangered, 53 species of frogs, with none endangered, 46 species of snakes, with 5 endangered, 5 species of tortoises, with none endangered, and 34 species of fish, with none endangered. Total water flow in the Murray-Darling in the period in 1885 is average 24,000 gigalitres per year. Estimated total annual flows for the river range from 5,000 gigalitres and in 1902 to 57,000 gigalitres in 1956 and average rainfall = 480 mm/year = 508,000 GL/year 3. History It is thought that the Murray Darling River was formed about 60 million years ago. The Murray Darling region is full of fascinating history 40 thousand years ago, through to the more recent times of early European settlement. The history of the Murray River in the late 18th and 19th centuries, the Murray River became an important transportation route to carry goods to and from Melbourne. Between 2.5 and 0.5 million years ago the Murray River end and form freshwater lake that called Lake Bungunia. Discovered by European explorers Hamilton H. Hume and William H. Hovell in 1824. The river also the start of many species of animal in Australia for example: emus, koala bears, Western Grey kangaroos, Bearded Dragon lizards, red-rumped parrots, black swans, pelicans, and dolphins. For many years in history the Murray Darling river help people co carry wood, wheat, and facilities up and down the river the first trips being made by two boats from South Australia. In 1919 a dam that name Hume D am had been build and the dam had change the entire river. Hume Dam is located in the downstream of the Murray River and Mitta Mitta River 16 kilometers east of Albury-Wodonga the dam is 2,225 km from the Murray mouth at Goolwa. 4. Impact of human use The industrial and domestic needs for water have meant that regulation and control of the rivers natural flow that effect the plant and animal that depend on the river. The use of locks and dams interrupted the river flow and restrict water in some area that needed, while other areas receive more water than they normally would in a heavy rainfall or flooded. This has affected the breeding cycles of animals and plants depend on the river. The river system is now in a serious problem with salinity. This problem is blame for agriculture because of the fertilizer, chemical and pesticide runoff that put into the water then increase the amount of salt flow into the water, it is also blame for lower productivity such as the poor water quality and flooding. It is estimated that salinity costs the users of the Murray River $47 million each year to filter the water for usage. Dame use in river had changed the entire river and life along the river side. Hume Dame had limited the amount of water flow and extremely lowers the water level. The lower water level makes agricultural decrease its productivity and salinity is increase because that water level is too low so it cant dilute the water. Because of the salinity so animal and plant had a very big impact and at the Murray mouth at Goolwa, it had been found that the water is just like sea water because of its pollution. And because of these effects, its affect the water use of people and affect the peoples who use water from the river as water resource.

Prewriting Exercise Essay

STEP 2) Describe two controversies surrounding this topic The first controversy is with regard to the idea of a universal health care system for the United States as a solution to its current health care situation of having an increasing rate of uninsurance among its working populace. While there is considerable current literature that argue that government should be able to provide adequate health care for all of its citizens, the questions of prioritization and proper allocation of funding comes into play. Specific research would have to be found to quantify as well as qualify the problem of uninsurance so as to evaluate just how much government action ought to be necessary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second controversy is whether or not current government action in terms of federal funding for Medicare and Medicaid is sufficient to address the needs of Americans. This issue examines what both of the programs currently provide and how much each has actually helped the American public in facing health service issues. Again, factual research need to be complied in order to present a clear picture of how much these programs are helping so that a sound conclusion regarding whether they are helping enough can be reached. STEP 3) Describe which side of the argument you feel is right and why I believe that given the current health care needs of the American public, serious consideration of establishing a universal health are system should be deeply considered. I also believe that current measures are not enough. Of course, these are assertions that I’ve initially made based on personal experiences in my interactions with individuals seeking health care support from the government. Therefore, I would need to gather more solid, factual information to support my claims. I will need to explore the concept of a universal health care system better in terms of its application to other countries so that I can have a deeper perspective on what needs to be done. STEP 4) Formulate a working thesis sentence The development of a universal health care system is a positive step towards the solution of the American uninsurance problem.

Thomas Alva Edison - a Man of Practical Genius - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 424 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/12 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Thomas Edison came from humble beginnings. As he stepped off the boat that brought him from Boston and took his first step in New York, he had only one small bag and a single dollar in his possession. The only shelter that he could find was in a battery room of a company on Wall Street and this is where he spent his very first night in New York. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Thomas Alva Edison a Man of Practical Genius" essay for you Create order It has been said that opinions are not always facts! This is certainly true in the case of Thomas Edison. He was born in 1847 in a little town near to Milan, Ohio on the shore of Lake Erie. Close friends and relatives called him Al. Although Thomas was quite an intelligent young boy, one of his teachers ventured their opinion and suggested to his mother that Al had an addled brain. His furious mother removed him from the school immediately and taught Thomas herself. Thomas Edison would in time prove that opinions are seldom facts! Thomas Edison endured further misfortune in his lifetime. After having overcome a bout of scarlet fever and recurring ear infections in childhood and an apparent blow to the side of his head, he remained hard of hearing for the rest of his life because of a burst eardrum. He realized that time was precious. He wanted to succeed. Thomas Edison is quoted as saying: I am not discouraged, because every wrong attempt discarded is another step forward. And forward is the direction that Thomas also strove towards. Thomas Edison is generally well know for inventing the practical light bulb. His practical genius extended however to include many other inventions, perhaps less well known, but still significant. One day in 1877 Edison was working on a machine designed to record telegraphic signals on a wax cylinder. While making minor adjustments to the machine and talking to the mechanic, a needle on the machine pricked Edisons finger when he made a specific sound. Edison immediately made a rough sketch of a design that he wanted his mechanics to begin constructing. It was a machine designed to record and reproduce sounds. Upon completion, Edison picked up the ear-trumpet and spoke the first ever recorded words: Mary had a little lamb; its fleece was white as snow the phonograph was born. Thomas Edison is quoted as saying, I have not failed. Ive just found 10,000 ways that wont work. So every time we turn on a light bulb and every time we listen to music, Thomas Edisons personal successes ensure that his legacy lives on.

Creating Delphi Components Dynamically (at run-time)

Most often when programming in Delphi you dont need to dynamically create a component. If you drop a component on a form, Delphi handles the component creation automatically when the form is created. This article will cover the correct way to programmatically create components at run-time. Dynamic Component Creation There are two ways to dynamically create components. One way is to make a form (or some other TComponent) the owner of the new component. This is a common practice when building composite components where a visual container creates and owns the subcomponents. Doing so will ensure that the newly-created component is destroyed when the owning component is destroyed. To create an instance (object) of a class, you call its Create method. The Create constructor is a class method, as opposed to virtually all other methods you’ll encounter in Delphi programming, which are object methods. For example, the TComponent declares the Create constructor as follows: constructor Create(AOwner: TComponent) ; virtual; Dynamic Creation with OwnersHeres an example of dynamic creation, where Self is a TComponent or TComponent descendant (e.g., an instance of a TForm): with TTimer.Create(Self) dobeginInterval : 1000;Enabled : False;OnTimer : MyTimerEventHandler;end; Dynamic Creation with an Explicit Call to FreeThe second way to create a component is to use nil as the owner. Note that if you do this, you must also explicitly free the object you create as soon as you no longer need it (or youll produce a memory leak). Heres an example of using nil as the owner: with TTable.Create(nil) dotryDataBaseName : MyAlias;TableName : MyTable;Open;Edit;FieldByName(Busy).AsBoolean : True;Post;finallyFree;end; Dynamic Creation and Object ReferencesIt is possible to enhance the two previous examples by assigning the result of the Create call to a variable local to the method or belonging to the class. This is often desirable when references to the component need to be used later, or when scoping problems potentially caused by With blocks need to be avoided. Heres the TTimer creation code from above, using a field variable as a reference to the instantiated TTimer object: FTimer : TTimer.Create(Self) ;with FTimer dobeginInterval : 1000;Enabled : False;OnTimer : MyInternalTimerEventHandler;end; In this example FTimer is a private field variable of the form or visual container (or whatever Self is). When accessing the FTimer variable from methods in this class, it is a very good idea to check to see if the reference is valid before using it. This is done using Delphis Assigned function: if Assigned(FTimer) then FTimer.Enabled : True; Dynamic Creation and Object References without OwnersA variation on this is to create the component with no owner, but maintain the reference for later destruction. The construction code for the TTimer would look like this: FTimer : TTimer.Create(nil) ;with FTimer dobegin...end; And the destruction code (presumably in the forms destructor) would look something like this: FTimer.Free;FTimer : nil;(*Or use FreeAndNil (FTimer) procedure, which frees an object reference and replaces the reference with nil.*) Setting the object reference to nil is critical when freeing objects. The call to Free first checks to see if the object reference is nil or not, and if it isnt, it calls the objects destructor Destroy. Dynamic Creation and Local Object References without Owners Heres the TTable creation code from above, using a local variable as a reference to the instantiated TTable object: localTable : TTable.Create(nil) ;trywith localTable dobeginDataBaseName : MyAlias;TableName : MyTable;end;...// Later, if we want to explicitly specify scope:localTable.Open;localTable.Edit;localTable.FieldByName(Busy).AsBoolean : True;localTable.Post;finallylocalTable.Free;localTable : nil;end; In the example above, localTable is a local variable declared in the same method containing this code. Note that after freeing any object, in general it is a very good idea to set the reference to nil. A Word of Warning IMPORTANT: Do not mix a call to Free with passing a valid owner to the constructor. All of the previous techniques will work and are valid, but the following should never occur in your code: with TTable.Create(self) dotry...finallyFree;end; The code example above introduces unnecessary performance hits, impacts memory slightly, and has the potential to introduce hard to find bugs. Find out why. Note: If a dynamically created component has an owner (specified by the AOwner parameter of the Create constructor), then that owner is responsible for destroying the component. Otherwise, you must explicitly call Free when you no longer need the component. Article originally written by Mark Miller A test program was created in Delphi to time the dynamic creation of 1000 components with varying initial component counts. The test program appears at the bottom of this page. The chart shows a set of results from the test program, comparing the time it takes to create components both with owners and without. Note that this is only a portion of the hit. A similar performance delay can be expected when destroying components. The time to dynamically create components with owners is 1200% to 107960% slower than that to create components without owners, depending on the number of components on the form and the component being created. The Test Program Warning: This test program does not track and free components that are created without owners. By not tracking and freeing these components, times measured for the dynamic creation code more accurately reflect the real time to dynamically create a component. Download Source Code Warning! If you want to dynamically instantiate a Delphi component and explicitly free it sometime later, always pass nil as the owner. Failure to do so can introduce unnecessary risk, as well as performance and code maintenance problems. Read the A warning on dynamically instantiating Delphi components article to learn more...

Donna Dubinsky and Apple Computer Case Study Essay

Donna Dubinsky and Apple Computer, Inc. Report of Findings and Recommendations Prepared By: Robin Armstrong Table of Contents Background and Scope 3 Current Scenario 4 Situation Analysis 6 Conclusions and Recommendations 8 Background and Scope This report has been prepared for Professor XXX. This report summarizes the complete review of Donna Dubinsky’s career at Apple Computer as the Director of Distribution and Sales Administration and the proposed distribution system. In addition, Donna Dubinsky’s response and handling of the proposed distribution system will be assessed. This review concludes that despite Donna Dubinsky’s stellar education as a Yale graduate and a Harvard MBA she completely†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"You wanted to agree so you found a ground to agree on†¦But you know what? I never really believed it.† In April 1985, Donna Dubinsky attended the â€Å"Leadership Experience† seminar. Ms. Dubinsky thought that Ms. Coleman used this seminar to â€Å"lobby for her cause.† Ms. Dubinsky began to see her own disillusionment as part of a larger problem where the executives were â€Å"confused, demoralized, and critical of the company.† She ended the seminar with the realization that proposed distribution strategy was â€Å"so radical that it would shut the company down.† So the next day she met with Bill Campbell who was Roy Weaver’s manager and presented him with an ultimatum. Ms. Dubinsky wanted thirty (30) days to develop her own distribution strategy proposal or she would leave Apple. . Situation Analysis The following situations are analyzed. Donna Dubinsky versus Proposed Distribution System Since Donna Dubinsky and Roy Weaver did not address Mr. Jobs questions regarding the 1985 Distribution Business Plan, he assigned Debi Coleman to develop a new Distribution Strategy Proposal based on the â€Å"just-in-time† concept. Ms. Dubinsky was not proactive in presenting her issues and concerns regarding the â€Å"just-in-time† concept. It is assumed that she considered the idea not feasible and that it would not gain momentum; however, the exact opposite occurred. Unbeknownst to Donna Dubinsky, around the same time, Roy Weaver’sShow MoreRelatedHarvard Case Analysis11020 Words   |  45 Pages Gurcharan Dasï ¼Å' venture capitalist Belmiro de Azevedoï ¼Å' Chairmanï ¼Å' CEOï ¼Å' and co-founder of Sonae; member of the European Round Table of Industrialists John Doerrï ¼Å' leading technology venture capitalist Donna Dubinskyï ¼Å' MBA 1981ï ¼Å' Direct Report of Bill Campbell at Apple Computerï ¼Å' CEO of Palmï ¼Å' Inc.ï ¼Å' and co-founder of Handspring Albert Hamilton Gordon Fred Haiseï ¼Å' former NASA astronaut Christopher Heinz H. John Heinz IIIï ¼Å' U.S. senator æ  °Ã¥ ¤ «Ã‚ ·Ã¤ ¼Å Ã¦ ¢â€¦Ã¥ °â€Ã§â€° ¹Ã¯ ¼Ë†Jeffrey R Immeltï ¼â€°Ã¯ ¼Å'通ç” ¨Ã§â€ µÃ¦ °â€Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¨â€˜ £Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã¥ ±â‚¬Ã¤ ¸ »Ã¥ ¸ ­Ã¦Å¡ ¨Ã© ¦â€"Ã¥ ¸ ­Ã¦â€° §Ã¨ ¡Å'Ã¥ ®Ëœ

Fashion Icon Free Essays

Blake Lively, amazes everyone with her versatility in fashion. Day after day, week after week she just can’t go wrong! On Gossip Girl, she couldn’t get much credit because the whole cast has a fashion stylist. But, Lively manages to look fashionable off set as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Fashion Icon or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s all about taking risk in fashion and Lively definitely does the job especially with her choice of colors. On top of the most beautiful dresses she puts on, she manages to have the right makeup and hair for every outfit. Confident, poised, stylish, glamorous. These are the kinds of words typically used to describe Blake Lively, who has become the self-proclaimed fashionista of her generation. Not only is she now the face of Chanel but also she is constantly in the spotlight for her fearless approach to fashion as well as her obvious true passion and love for it. After attending countless designer shows and taking her views of the runway to the real world there is no doubt that she has become a fashion icon to those who follow her. In fact, being chosen to be on the cover of Vogue twice in a single year is almost a right of passage to prove she is officially a top player in the fashion industry. She is a designer dream because she stays true to her vision. Teens are full of youthful energy, life and vitality, they have love and passion for fashion, drawing inspiration from celebrities. Blake Lively stands as a fashion icon for teens, as my target customer like being perceived older and like imitating the style of older people to feel more mature. All American golden girl, blake lively is known to be pretty, sweet who doesn’t get into any scandals or controversies, whatever she wears is widely accepted by my target customer, Maddy. These days there is an increasing trend that teens want to dress older than their age and Blake lively serves a good model to copy. Unlike many other celebrities she doesn’t like to have a personal stylist. She isn’t afraid to take the runway to the red carpet, and no matter the look or designer, she always makes the outfit look effortless. Her uniqueness and individualism inspired maddy to imitate her style. Blake lively’s enthusiasum in styling herself inspired maddy to take that up as a hobby and learn to be creative and talented. Blake lively always like to change her looks and be new each time she steps out, she had a more sweeter style when she was younger now she is more lady like and sophisticated. Maddy draws inspiration from her fast fashion style and trys to look new when she goes shopping with her friends. Maddy’s preference to fast fashion products that are more in trend and are constantly changing is inspired by blake’s trendy way of changing her looks constantly and reinventing herself. Maddy follows blake’s style on tweete, facebook and keeps posters of her style trends in her room. Bold, confident and daring are the words used to describe blake, her personality is similar to who maddy wants to be. As blake never has a backgroung in show business and made it so big in the fashion industry, maddy plans to follow her foot steps and get in to show business when she grows up. How to cite Fashion Icon, Essay examples

Ethical Issues for Advertising Tobacco Products Across free essay sample

How can SCT and ISCT address the controversial nature of advertising and promoting cigarettes across international borders? Base on the case study, The Social Contract Theory  (SCT) generates a workable framework for solving ethical issues: * Sets main principles relevant to the organization in question * Recommends different principles for different communities * Determines the suitable marketing practices Allows for theory of norms and values SCT captures two different types of social contracts- hypothetical and actual contracts used in living communities. It is the foundation of rules within communities with two assumptions: * Individuals join the contract that means individuals realize and care about morals and values of these components. * It can be assumed that global members would have responsibilities with ethics, through the recognition of the community’s needs based moral foundation that will result in good and productive life. Donaldson hypotheses that a â€Å"global contractor would agree to the creation of a binding macro-social contract as it is the only rational solution for the need for a moral fabric in the face of bounded moral rationality. â€Å" The macro-social contract follows the following ‘rules’: * Local economic communities may generate ethical norms for its members through macro-social contracts. * Norm- generating micro-social contracts must be bounded through informed consent- the protected informed consent. * A macro-social contract must be relevant with the norms of the community. In the situation of conflicting among norms, priority must be established through the application of rules consistent with the spirit of the overall macro-social contract. In other worlds, SCT and ISCT bind domestic and foreign contractors who have to identify norms of primary communities to adjust the suitable marketing campaigns to fix the business for every market. In addition, many firms can rely on the SCT to have a right way to do business as well as to choose the right marketing communications every primary market interns of ethics. For instance, the Starbuck’s logo has to be modified to be more relevant in Middle – East market. The original and modified logo of Starbuck (Lys 2007) Because the most of middle – east people are muslim, and the culture of this religion does not allow sexy images of woman show at the public. This culture is strong enough to become legal rule in middle – east countries that also the reason why Starbuck has to modify the image of its logo less sexy through covering her breast by her hair. In the same way, Winfield has to choose the suitable advertisement communication in the primary markets such as putting warning on the label which are seen as ethic practice to create the positive PR as well as to avoid strict regulations. Another illustration is he milk for baby’s growing industries in Vietnam need to mention about the mom’s milk is the best milk for baby’s growing and immune system on the label and package of products as well as TV commercial as a move of ethics in business. Question 2: In what ways has the marketing of Winfield been influenced by SCT? From the case study, Winfield has others way to communicate its products. In Australia and US, tobacco industries do not allow expand its advertisement in public, and these industries is restricted to communicate to the public and communities. Even, Winfield has to put warning on the label to inform the risk of tobacco to the customers. Base on that, Winfield does not use TV commercial, billboard and others to advertise its products, and only promote its products through point of sales which are accepted in US and Australia whilst Euro zone and some countries in Asia is so quite looser in tobacco restriction on advertising, promotion and distribute products. This means Winfield can access these markets through extensive advertising and communication campaigns. Besides that, community norms should be solved first. Thus, Winfield has to concern the underage smoking to commit do not sell its products for the customers who are under 18 years old. Another example, from my own experience, when the customers purchase any beer or alcohol at the shops, club or bar, he customers have to show ID card to ensure that they are over 18 years old to buy these products. Question 3: In your opinion, does BAT pay sufficient attention to ethics when they market across national borders? From my opinion, BAT is not par sufficient attention to ethics when they market across national border, although BAT commit with the local countries to protect and follow the local community’s norms through SCT. Because BAT understood the risks and bad effects of tobacco when people smoke cigarettes hat the reason why Australia and USA are countries which have strict policies to restrict tobacco’s promotion, advertisement and communication with public. BAT took advantages of loose rules in some developing Asia countries and Euro zone in terms of advertising and promoting cigarette in public to expand BAT’s marketing campaigns at these comm unities. The general trend in Asia and Euro zone will be similar with Australia and USA, BAT should maintain the way of marketing and communication in Euro and Asia countries as Australia and USA. Besides that, BAT can diversify their business in another way not only focusing on tobacco such as medicine field as producing nicotine for analgesics or products treating stress [trans] (Dung N, V 2006) Question 4: What is the impact of SCT on standardization of advertising and promotion approaches across national borders? In case study, SCT has impacted the tobacco industry which has to commit to protect the community through the legal marketing activities and strategy of agreeing. Moreover, SCT also restrict the market segment of tobacco industry which does not include underage customers. Furthermore, positioning of tobacco products is type of bad products for health through putting the warning on label and package of its products. Yet, Smoking cigarette’s marketing and communication is limited in Australia and America. Although Euro zone and some developing countries in Asia have not been strict with smoking cigarette’s marketing and communication in public, the trend of these countries will follow Australian and American style.